3500
BCE
The first settlement of Jerusalem took place on the
Ophel above the Gihon Spring
19th Century BCE
The first recorded mention of Jerusalem as Rusalimum
was in the Egyptian Execration Texts
The Persian Period
1750 BCE — 1500 BCE
The Hyksos Period
14th Century BCE
Diplomatic correspondence refers to Jerusalem as
Urusalim in the Amarna Letters
1010-970
King David’s reign
1003
Jerusalem is established by King David as the capital
of the United Kingdom of Israel
970-931
King Solomon’s reign
950
King Solomon begins construction of the First Temple
931
The Land of Israel is divided into the Kingdoms of
Israel and Judah
837-800
Tunnels conduit from water from the Gihon Spring to
the Siloam pool during the reign of Hezekiah, the
King of Judah
721
The Northern Kingdom of Israel is conquered by the
Assyrians and 10 of the 12 tribes are carried into
captivity and eventual dispersal.
701
Sennacherib’s assault on Jerusalem is successfully
withstood by Hezekiah
598-587
The second invasion by Nebuchadnezzar
597
Jerusalem is captured by the Babylonians
588-586
The third invasion by Nebuchadnezzar
586
Nebuchadnezzar’s destruction of Jerusalem and
its Temple and the exile of its people to Babylon
(Lam 1.4 / 2.2)
539
Babylon’s fall
537 BCE — 332 BCE
538
Cyrus’s edict
537
As result of King Cyrus’s edict around the remnant
of the 50,000 Jews who were exiled to Babylon are
returned to Israel
520
Work begins on rebuilding the Temple
515
Completion and rededication of the Second Temple under
Zerubbabel (Ezra 6.15-18)
458
Ezra the Scribe returns from Babylon and the Law is
revived
445
Upon Nehemiah’s return from Babylon, Artaxerxes,
appoints him governor of Judea and city walls are
rebuilt
397
Religious reforms are initiated by Ezra, the Scribe
332 BCE — 63 BCE
The Hellenistic Period
332
Daruis is defeated at Gaugamela by Alexander the Great
and Palestine is conquered from the Persians (Daniel
11.3); Jerusalem is captured and the Helenization
of the Holy City commences
323
Alexander dies in Babylon and the Wars of Succession
start
320
Jerusalem is captured by Ptolemy I
320-198
The reign of Egyptian Ptolemies
198-167
The Syrian Seleucids rule
169
Judaism is outlawed by Seleucid king, Antiochus IV
Epiphanes (175-163) and on December 25th, the Temple
is profaned
167 BCE — 63 BCE
The Hasmonean Period
166
The Maccabean revolt is begun by the priest Mattathias
167-141
The Maccabean War of Liberation
164
Jerusalem is recaptured by Judah the Maccabee; the
Temple is restored
166-160
The reign of Judah the Maccabee
160-143
Jonathan’s reign
150
the Essene community is established
143-135
Simon Maccabeus’ reign
63 BCE — 324 CE/AD
The Roman Period
63
Jerusalem is captured for Rome by General Pompey
63-37
Continuation of Hasmonean rule but under the protection
by Rome
40
Herod King of Judea is Rome appointed by Rome
40-AD 4
Herod the Great rules
37
Jerusalem is captured by King Herod the Great
19
Stones for the rebuilding of the Temple are prepared
18
The actual rebuilding of the Temple is begun by Herod
10
The Temple is completed in AD 63 but about 5/4 there
is a dedication ceremony; this also marks approximate
year of the births of John the Baptist, and Jesus
of Nazareth
04
The death of Herod the Great
BCE to CE/AD
26-36
On 31 April 25 / Nisan 14, Pontius Pilate, has been
Roman procurator of Judea; the Crucifixion of Jesus
41-44
The new city wall (The "Third Wall") is
built by Agrippa, king of Judea,.
44
Herod Agrippa’s death
63
Completion of the Temple
64
66-73
The War of the Jews, the Great Revolt against the
Romans
70
Titus destroys Jerusalem and the Second Temple
73
Masada falls
132-135
Bar Kochba leads a war for freedom and Jerusalem once
again is the Jewish Capital
135
Emperor Hadrian's total destruction of Jerusalem is
totally destroyed by Emperor Hadrian; new walls are
built ; Aelia Capitolina is the name of the new city;
Jews are not allowed to enter the former Jerusalem
324 — 638
The Byzantine Period
326
Jerusalem is visited by Queen Helena, the mother of
Emperor Constantine the Great, and selects the sites
where the events associated with the last days of
Jesus took place; to commemorate these events churches
built; Queen Helena is especially responsible for
the construction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre,
in AD 335.
438
Jews are permitted by Empress Eudocia to live in Jerusalem
614
Jerusalem is conquered by Persians who destroy most
churches and force Jerusalem’s Jews into exile
629
Jerusalem is recaptured by Byzantines
638 — 1099
The Early
Muslim Period
638
After Mohammed's death six years earlier, the Caliph
Omar enters Jerusalem and Jews are readmitted to the
Holy City
691
Caliph Abd al-Malik completes the Dome of the Rock
701
Caliph al-Walid completes the construction of the
al-Aqsa mosque; the destruction of synagogues and
churches is ordered by Caliph al-Hakim by
1010
1099 — 1244
The Crusader Kingdom
1099
Jerusalem is captured by the Crusaders, led by Godfrey
de Bouillon, following the call by Pope Urban in 1096;
Baldwin I is declared King of Jerusalem
1187
Jerusalem from Crusaders by Kurdish general Saladin
who then allows Jews and Muslims to return and settle
in the city.
1192
Although Richard the Lion Hearted tries to re-capture
Jerusalem, he does not succeed; A treaty with Saladin
allows Christians to worship at their holy sites.
1219
Sultan Malik-al-Muattam tears down city walls
1244
Crusader rule ends with the capture of Jerusalem by
Khawarizmian Turks
1260 — 1517
The Mameluk Period
1244
Ayyubids are defeated by Mameluk Sultans and reign
over Jerusalem
1260
Jerusalem is captured by Egyptian Mameluks
1267
Arrival of Rabbi Moshe Ben Nahman (Nahmanides) from
Spain whose Jewish congregation is revived and a synagogue
and center of learning with his name are established
1275
On his way to China Marco Polo visits Jerusalem
1348
Jerusalem is hit by the Black Death Plague
1488
The Jerusalem community is led by Rabbi Obadiah of
Bertinoro who settles in Jerusalem
1517 — 1917
The Ottoman Turkish Period
1517
A peaceful takeover of Jerusalem is accomplished by
Ottomans
1537-1541
The city walls including today’s 7 gates and
the "Tower of David have been open to attack
since 1219; the Damascus gate was built in 1542 by
Sultan Suleiman ("The Magnificent")
1700
The arrival of Rabbi Yehuda He'Hassid and the "Hurva"
Synagogue is built
1836
Sir Moses Montefiore makes his first visit to Jerusalem
1838
Jerusalem experiences the opening of its first consulate
(British)
1860
The first Jewish settlement outside walls of the city
is established
1898
Dr. Theodor Herzl, founder of the World Zionist Organization
visits Jerusalem
1917 — 1948
The
British Mandate Period
1917
British General Allenby enters Jerusalem after its conquest
by his forces
1918
The foundation stone of Hebrew University on Mount
Scopus is laid by Dr. Chaim Weizmann
1920
The appointment of Sir Herbert Samuel as the first
British High Commissioner; the establishment of the
"Government House" in Jerusalem.
1925
The inauguration of the Hebrew University buildings
1947
A United Nations Resolution recommends the partition
of Israel.
1948 —
The Israeli Period
14 May 1948
The proclamation of the State of Israel follows the
termination of the British Mandate
14 May 1948-Jan 1949
The Israel War of Liberation takes place
28 May 1948
The New City of Jerusalem survives but the Jewish
Quarter in Old City is captured by Jordanian forces
April 1949
The signing of the Israel-Trans-Jordan Armistice Agreement
divides Jerusalem between the two countries.
13 Dec. 1949
The declaration of Jerusalem as Capital of the State
of Israel
1965
The election of Teddy Kollek as Mayor of Jerusalem
5 June 1967
The shelling of the New City of Jerusalem by the Jordanian
Army marks the opening of the Six Day War
7 June 1967
The Old City is captured by Israeli troops and after
2000 years, Jerusalem is reunited
23 June 1967
Access to all holy places is given to all religious
communities: Moslems, Christians and Jews
1980
Jerusalem is declared to be the united capital of
Israel under the Jerusalem Basic Law
1994
The PLO and Israel exchange mutual recognition of
each other
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